Agricultura de subsistência e conservação dos recursos naturais nos assentamentos Cajueiro e Fortaleza no município de Una- BA

The formation of establishments of land reform in Brazil is the result of the growing mobilization of rural landless workers that seek, through the agrarian reform, the conquest of basic conditions of subsistence. In the south of the State of Bahia, the formation of establishments is a consequence of the mobilization of cocoa farms unemployed workers, during the crisis period that fell on that culture starting from the 80’s and that was worsened in the end of that period with the appearance of the witch's broom. Different from other cultures, the cocoa farming allowed the conservation of Atlantic Forest remainders in the area during over 300 years of its implantation. With the crisis, they emerged new productive demands, which increased the pressure on the existent forest remainders, at the same time that the campaigns that sought the conservation of that forest grow. The research was accomplished, in the establishments Cajueiro and Fortaleza, in Una, in the cocoa area of the State of Bahia, and its aim was to understand the established relationship between the demand for the production and the conservation of the natural resources in those establishments, that are located in the overturn of Una’s Biological Reservation. The demand for the conservation of the forest remainders of those establishments, seeks to assist the need of ecological corridor's formation that allows the interconnection of the reservation with other forest remainders. This demand is established in opposition to the productive practices traditionally used by the establishments, that are based in the system cutting/firing. The way the handling of the farmings is being proposed in the establishments has approved the overcome of the traditional handling, assisting to the aims of the national campaign that has the purpose of extinguishing falling of trees and forest fire in the Atlantic Forest. The works have been developed starting from the mediation of a Non Governmental Organization, that acting in the establishments, looked for a handling proposal to assist the conservative demands and the productive needs in the establishments. The proposal of environmental conservation brings to the establishments the need of changes in the developed activities in order to introduce new productive practices. In spite of the growing demand for the conservation in the area, the research demonstrated the lack of incentives so that a larger number of families adopt the proposed handling, and, starting from these, the dilemma between the conservation and the warranty of the subsistence of the family seated might be overcome.