Evaluación de varias enmiendas para recuperar suelos cacaoteros contaminados con Cadmio (Cd) en condiciones de invernadero.

The present study was carried out in hothouse and laboratory of analysis of heavy metals of the National Department of Handling of Floors and Waters (DNMSA) of the Tropical Experimental Station Pichilingue (EETP) of the Autonomous National Institute of Agricultural Investigation (INIAP). For what you plates as objectives to evaluate different amendments to recover floors polluted cacaoteros with cadmium (Cd) under hothouse conditions. To determine the best dose and it amends for the recovery of floors degraded by the presence of Cadmium. To determine the capacity of absorption of cadmium for the plant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), variety INIAP -415. Samples of floor of Zamora's counties Chinchipe was collected, Santa Elena, Guayas, The Gold and Manabí that in previous studies carried out by INIAP (2009) they presented contents of Cadmium from 1,24 to 2,37 considered toxics for the floors. The same ones that were subjected to ten types different from amendments and eleven dose expressed in toneladas/ha. Under hothouse conditions it was applied different amendments in several dose, you homogenizes and I add distilled water. These samples had a period of incubation of eight days, simulating in process of the chemical, physical and biological reactions that happen in the floor with the amendments. Completed this phase one carries out the siembra of rice, considered indicative plants. Trascurridos the 45 days after the transplant you proceeded to cut the plants and to separate the air and radical part, the same ones that were washed and dried off to constant temperature in a stove to 70 °C. In the laboratory he/she was carried out the digestion of floor samples, adding hydrochloric and nitric acid (it dilutes regal) and the mineralización of fabrics with a mixture nitric perclórica, relationship 4:1. Later on it was quantified the quantities of Cadmium, using an espectrofotómetro with graphite oven. Of the ten amendments and dose studied on polluted floors with Cadmium, they were better five amendments. The carbonate of calcium in Zamora's property Chinchipe and The Gold, they were averages from 0,41 to 0,50 ppm and 0,65 to 0,82 ppm respectively. While the humus (2 and 1) they behave better in Zamora Chinchipe, Santa Elena and Guayas, with values of 0,41 at 0,46; 0,43 at 0,60; 0,91 at 1,08; 0.43 to 0,48 ppm, in their order. The micorrizas worked apara Santa Elena's property and Manabí 1,05 at 0,91; 0,48 to 0,67ppm, consecutively. With the zeolita 2 in Guayas present averages of 0,53 and 0,72 ppm. The vinaza in The Gold and Manabí had quantities from 0,68 to 0,72; 0,51 to 0,66 ppm respectively. Finally the vegetable coal presents better likeness in the Gold 0,67 to 0,75 ppm. While the best treatments with dolomita in Zamora Chinchipe, The Gold and Manabí presented quantities that fluctuated among 2,12 at 4,35; 0,69 and 1,59; 0,74 to 1,04 g Cd/maceta, in their order. The carbonate of calcium arrives to values from 3,44 to 5,24; 0,60 at 2,21; 0,53 to 1,09 g Cd/maceta, respectively. The humus 2 present in Santa Elena, Guayas 0,43 at 0,65; 0,43 to 0,65 g Cd/maceta, in their order. The zeolita 1 in Santa Elena presented quantities 0,20 to 0,31 g Cd/maceta. The carbonate of magnesium in Santa Elena, The Gold and Manabí reached values from 0,22 to 0,33; 0,43 at 0,45, 0,67 to 0,89 g Cd/maceta, respectively. Also in Guayas the humus 1 presented averages from 0,39 to 0,58 g Cd/maceta. You concludes that the amendments carbonate of calcium, carbonate of magnesium, dolomita and humus (1 and 2) they affected the absorption of Cadmium in plants of rice, so much in the air part as radical, this way the total accumulation of Cadmium in the plant, except the humus 1.