Elaboración, caracterización y comparación de los abonos obtenidos a partir de residuos orgánicos y cáscara de cacao en la zona rural de la escuela Cucháros

The objective of the present work was to take advantage of the agricultural and cooking residues at The Farm Cruces of Panama that are currently a focus of environmental and visual contamination to compost using Californian Red Worm (Eisenia fetida). To do this, it was used the cocoa ear and organic solid waste from cooking as substrates. To begin the composting process it was made substrate characterization to determine if the C / N, N / P and C / P ratios were within the values optimal considered for composting development of organic fertilizers cocoa shell and solid organic waste, paper making quantitative analysis of each of the nutrients. The process was made by triplicate it, and to control humidity, temperature and pH in each cell. After two and four months, a physicochemical analysis of the fertilizer characterization was carried out to evaluate the evolving process; the results obtained indicate that after four months, it is obtained a mature fertilizer in each analyzed substract, it has C / N relation of less than 10, a deficiency of Magnesium, a suitable Potassium content and an Iron concentration above the maximum values tolerated by the plants, the content of Iron, Zinc and Manganese is below the maximum values which may indicate some type of toxicity. The pH values are also found to be at 7.9, humidity at 60%, and Nitrogen content at 0.8% for both substrates. However, the fertilizer made from cocoa-nut has a low calcium level compared to fertilizer made from organic solid waste. Finally, for the two substrates it was obtained a mature fertilizer that can be used in the agricultural work after treatment of Iron content.